The genetic basis of variation in susceptibility to infection with Histoplasma capsulatum in the mouse.

The pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum causes disease ranging from mild to fatal in healthy and immunocompromised humans. Infection rates reach 80% in endemic areas, including the Midwestern United States. We used inbred mice to identify a 300-fold difference in fungal burden. A/J mice showed lower fungal burden and morbidity than C57BL/6J mice, a reversal of the trend observed for many bacterial pathogens. We mapped the differences in fungal burden to discrete locations on chromosomes 1, 6, 15 and 17 with high significance. Substitution of a single resistant chromosome 17 onto the susceptible background was sufficient to lower fungal burden. These loci will allow dissection of the fungal-specific immune program.