OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for the loss of measurable plasma C-peptide in newly diagnosed 15- to 35-year-old diabetic subjects. METHODS: This Swedish study included 778 subjects. C-peptide levels were obtained each year for 6 years after diagnosis. Loss of measurable C-peptide was defined as a level at or below the lower detection limit of the local assay (0.13 nmol/l). In addition to C-peptide, other baseline covariates included gender, age, body mass index, HLA genotype, and autoantibody levels. RESULTS: Compared with autoantibody-negative subjects, autoantibody-positive subjects had lower median baseline C-peptide (0.27 vs. 0.50, P<.001), their levels declined over the study period, and the risk of losing measurable C-peptide was significantly higher when more than one autoantibody was present [odds ratio (OR), 4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.13-7.54]. Among autoantibody-positive individuals, the presence of GAD65Ab (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.24-2.51) and islet cell antibodies (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.19-2.18) conferred a higher risk for loss of measurable C-peptide as did female gender (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.17-2.11) and time after diagnosis (OR, 1.5 for each additional year postdiagnosis; 95% CI, 1.41-1.57). Higher baseline C-peptide levels were protective (OR, 0.5 for each additional log(e) nanomoles per liter; 95% CI, 0.36-0.58). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified autoantibody status, gender, and baseline C-peptide levels as factors that will be useful for predicting the disease course of 15- to 35-year-old diabetic individuals.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for the loss of measurable plasma C-peptide in newly diagnosed 15- to 35-year-old diabetic subjects. METHODS: This Swedish study included 778 subjects. C-peptide levels were obtained each year for 6 years after diagnosis. Loss of measurable C-peptide was defined as a level at or below the lower detection limit of the local assay (0.13 nmol/l). In addition to C-peptide, other baseline covariates included gender, age, body mass index, HLA genotype, and autoantibody levels. RESULTS: Compared with autoantibody-negative subjects, autoantibody-positive subjects had lower median baseline C-peptide (0.27 vs. 0.50, P<.001), their levels declined over the study period, and the risk of losing measurable C-peptide was significantly higher when more than one autoantibody was present [odds ratio (OR), 4.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.13-7.54]. Among autoantibody-positive individuals, the presence of GAD65Ab (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.24-2.51) and islet cell antibodies (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.19-2.18) conferred a higher risk for loss of measurable C-peptide as did female gender (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.17-2.11) and time after diagnosis (OR, 1.5 for each additional year postdiagnosis; 95% CI, 1.41-1.57). Higher baseline C-peptide levels were protective (OR, 0.5 for each additional log(e) nanomoles per liter; 95% CI, 0.36-0.58). CONCLUSIONS: This study identified autoantibody status, gender, and baseline C-peptide levels as factors that will be useful for predicting the disease course of 15- to 35-year-old diabetic individuals.
Authors: Fariba Vaziri-Sani; Shilpa Oak; Jared Radtke; Ke Lernmark; Kristian Lynch; Carl-D Agardh; Corrado M Cilio; Asa L Lethagen; Eva Ortqvist; Mona Landin-Olsson; Carina Törn; Christiane S Hampe Journal: Autoimmunity Date: 2010-03-19 Impact factor: 2.815
Authors: A Gyllenberg; F Piehl; L Alfredsson; J Hillert; I L Bomfim; L Padyukov; M Orho-Melander; E Lindholm; M Landin-Olsson; Å Lernmark; T Olsson; I Kockum Journal: Genes Immun Date: 2014-01-16 Impact factor: 2.676
Authors: Richard A Jensen; Elisabet Agardh; Ake Lernmark; Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir; Nicholas L Smith; David S Siscovick; Carina Törn Journal: PLoS One Date: 2011-03-11 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Samina Asad; Pernilla Nikamo; Alexandra Gyllenberg; Hedvig Bennet; Ola Hansson; Nils Wierup; Annelie Carlsson; Gun Forsander; Sten-Anders Ivarsson; Helena Larsson; Åke Lernmark; Bengt Lindblad; Johnny Ludvigsson; Claude Marcus; Kjersti S Rønningen; Jan Nerup; Flemming Pociot; Holger Luthman; Malin Fex; Ingrid Kockum Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-05-01 Impact factor: 3.240