The problem of consent in emergency medicine research.

This paper outlines some of the ethical and practical dilemmas of securing true informed consent in resuscitation research in the prehospital or emergency department setting. Possible substitutes to such consent are discussed and evaluated. The Canadian Tri-Council Policy Statement guidelines for emergency medicine research are compared to the US Food and Drug Administration rules, and the former are assessed and critiqued. Modifications to the current Tri-Council guidelines are suggested.