The effects of doxorubicin and mitoxantrone on wound healing.

The goal of the present study was to determine whether mitoxantrone would impair wound healing to a similar degree as doxorubicin when given in equally cytotoxic doses. On day 0, male Fischer rats were wounded and treated with 5% dextrose (control), 6 mg/kg doxorubicin, or 1.2 or 2.4 mg/kg mitoxantrone. On day 5, WBCs for the doxorubicin group and the group that had been treated with 1.2 mg/kg mitoxantrone were 33% and 43% lower than control values, respectively. All rats that had been given 2.4 mg/kg mitoxantrone died within 1 week of being wounded due to drug toxicity. On day 21, wound-breaking strength (WBS) analysis was performed: two skin specimens were taken from each dorsal skin incision perpendicular to the scar axis and were subjected to wound disruption (grams of force) by uniaxial extension. The WBS analysis indicated significant differences between the doxorubicin treated group (1183 +/- 96 g) and the control group (2422 +/- 247 g). However, no significant difference was found between the group that had been given 1.2 mg/kg mitoxantrone (2140 +/- 191 g) and control animals. Thus, mitoxantrone seems to exert myelosuppressive effects similar to those displayed by doxorubicin, but the former drug results in significantly less impairment of wound healing in the rat model.