Effect of oestradiol and progesterone on the instant and directional velocity of microsphere movements in the rat oviduct: gap junctions mediate the kinetic effect of oestradiol.

The oviducal transport of eggs to the uterus normally takes 72-96 h in the rat, but this is reduced to less than 20 h after a single injection of oestradiol (E2). This accelerated transport is associated with an increased frequency of pendular movements in the isthmic segment of the oviduct, with increased levels of the gap junction (GJ) component Connexin (Cx) 43, and is antagonised by progesterone (P). In the present study, we investigated the effect of these hormones on the instant and directional velocity of pendular movements and the role of the GJ and its Cx43 component in the kinetic response of the oviduct to E2 and P. Using microspheres as egg surrogates, microsphere instant velocity (MIV) was measured following treatment with E2, P or P + E2, which accelerate or delay egg transport. Microspheres were delivered into the oviduct of rats on Day 1 of pregnancy and their movement within the isthmic segment was recorded. Oestrogen increased MIV with faster movement towards the uterus. After P or P + E2, MIV was similar to that in the control group. Two GJ uncouplers, namely 18 alpha- and 18 beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, blocked the effect of E2 on MIV. Connexin 43 mRNA levels increased over that seen in control with all treatments. In conclusion, the effects of E2 on MIV resulted in faster movements that produced accelerated egg transport towards the uterus. Gap junctions are probably involved as smooth muscle synchronisers in this kinetic effect of E2, but the opposing effects of E2 and P are not exerted at the level of Cx43 transcription.