Social comparison and affect: a study among elderly women.

The author investigated how elderly women who recently moved to senior centers reacted in comparison to same-age persons who were either better off or worse off than were the former. The author expected 2 individual difference variables related to uncertainty about oneself-sense of control and social comparison orientation-to interact with social comparison direction to produce affect. Contrary to this expectation, the author observed only main effects of social comparison direction on affect. The results indicated that downward comparison produced more negative affect (and less positive affect) than did upward comparison, independently of participants' individual differences. The results provide some useful information on the social psychology of aging.