Development of a novel nano-Invader DNA chip system.

By taking advantage of a homogeneous Invader assay, a miniaturized genotyping chip system termed nano-Invader was developed. The system is sensitive to 0.1 zeptomole of genomic DNA per well without prior PCR amplification. Its accuracy was determined by comparing both the genomic DNA chip and probe chip formats to PCR-RFLP. To determine the assay's capabilities in large-scale analysis, DNA samples from the Coriell Cell Repository and an additional 62-probe sets were tested with the genomic DNA and probe chip nano-Invader formats, respectively. Several hundred samples were genotyped in less than an hour, from purified genomic DNA to data analysis. With its ease of handling, speed, accuracy, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness, this chip system, especially its probe chip format, will meet a demand for high-throughput multiple genotyping in the coming era of personalized medicine.