Distribution of aquaporin 4 on sarcolemma of fast-twitch skeletal myofibres.

The aquaporin 4 (AQP4) water channel is present on the sarcolemma of fast-twitch-type skeletal myofibres. We have examined the distribution of AQP4 in relation to sarcolemmal domain structure and found that AQP4 protein is not evenly distributed on the sarcolemma. Immunofluorescence staining of isolated single myofibres indicated a punctate staining pattern overlapping with the dystrophin glycoprotein complex, but with the transverse tubule openings being left clear. Myotendinous and neuromuscular junctions also lacked AQP4, despite their high content of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. The destruction of caveoli with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin did not change the distribution of AQP4 at the sarcolemma. Moreover, AQP4 did not float with the caveolar marker caveolin-3 in sucrose gradients after Triton X-100 extraction at 4 degrees C. These data indicated that AQP4 was not associated with caveoli. Surprisingly, m. flexor digitorum brevis fibres, although of the fast-twitch type, often lacked AQP4. Furthermore, those fibres harbouring AQP4 at the sarcolemma showed a regionalized distribution, suggesting that large areas were devoid of the protein. Blockage of the synthesized proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum with brefeldin A showed that, in spite of its regionalized sarcolemmal distribution, AQP4 was synthesized along the entire length of the fibres. These results suggest functional differences in the water permeability of the sarcolemma not only between the fast-twitch muscles, but also within single muscle fibres.