Single-molecule observation of DNA charge transfer.

DNA charge transfer highly depends on the electronic interaction between base pairs and reflects the difference in the base composition and sequence. For the purpose of investigating the charge transfer process of individual DNA molecules and the optical readout of DNA information at the single-molecule level, we performed single-molecule observation of the DNA charge transfer process by using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy. The DNA charge transfer process, leading to the oxidation of the fluorescent dye, was explored by monitoring the on-off signal of the dye after the charge injection by the excitation of a photosensitizer. The photobleaching efficiency of the dyes by the DNA charge transfer specifically depended on the base sequence and mismatch base pair, demonstrating the discrimination of the individual DNA information. Based on this approach, the optical readout of a single-base mismatch contained in a target DNA was performed at the single-molecule level.