Development of a gene knockout system in Candida parapsilosis reveals a conserved role for BCR1 in biofilm formation.

Candida parapsilosis is an important cause of candidiasis, yet few molecular tools are available. We adapted a recyclable nourseothricin resistance marker gene (SAT1) originally developed for use with C. albicans in order to generate gene knockouts from C. parapsilosis. We first replaced the promoters driving expression of the FLP recombinase and the SAT1 genes with the equivalent sequences from C. parapsilosis. We then used the cassette to generate a homozygous knockout of C. parapsilosis URA3. The ura3 knockouts have altered colony morphologies. We also knocked out both alleles of an ortholog of BCR1, a gene encoding a transcription factor known to be required for biofilm development in C. albicans. We show that C. parapsilosis BCR1 is necessary for biofilm development in C. parapsilosis and for expression of the cell wall protein encoded by RBT1. Our results suggest that there are significant similarities in the regulation of biofilms between the two species, despite the fact that C. parapsilosis does not generate true hyphae and that BCR1 regulates the expression of many hypha-specific adhesins in C. albicans.