Listeners' perceptions of speech and language disorders.

UNLABELLED: Using semantic differential scales with nine trait pairs, 445 adults rated five audio-taped speech samples, one depicting an individual without a disorder and four portraying communication disorders. Statistical analyses indicated that the no disorder sample was rated higher with respect to the trait of employability than were the articulation, voice, and language disorder conditions; and higher in self-esteem than the fluency, voice, and language disorders. In addition, there were differences among the disorders. Most notably, the language disordered condition was rated significantly lower in decisiveness and reliability and higher in stress level than all other conditions. Within-subject analyses indicated that the variables of age, gender, exposure to individuals with communication disorders, and urban versus rural residency did not affect ratings. These results support previous research indicating the existence of negative stereotypes toward individuals with communication disorders. In addition, they reveal differences in how various disorders were perceived. LEARNING OUTCOMES: Participants will be able to: (1) identify the different methods investigators have used to examine perceptions toward individuals with communicative disorder, (2) recognize that there are differences in how the various communicative disorders are perceived, and (3) discuss the need for public education in order to dispel stereotypes associated with communicative disorders.