Shock and cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation in small mammals and birds.

Small mammals and birds present unique challenges for the clinician in treatment of life-threatening conditions. Numerous books have been written on shock, critical care, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in small animals. The basic protocols can be adapted for use in small mammals and birds. A general review of the pathophysiology of shock is important to the understanding of fluid therapy plans discussed in this article. Using the general principles of cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation in small animals, protocols are discussed for use in birds and small mammals.