Susan M Schneider1, Linda E Hood. 1. Graduate Olcology Nursing Specialty, School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. susan.schneider@duke.edu
Abstract
PURPOSE/ OBJECTIVES: To explore virtual reality (VR) as a distraction intervention to relieve symptom distress in adults receiving chemotherapy treatments for breast, colon, and lung cancer. DESIGN: Crossover design in which participants served as their own control. SETTING:Outpatient clinic at a comprehensive cancer center in the southeastern United States. SAMPLE: 123 adults receiving initial chemotherapy treatments. METHODS: Participants were randomly assigned to receive the VR distraction intervention during one chemotherapy treatment and then received no intervention (control) during an alternate matched chemotherapy treatment. The Adapted Symptom Distress Scale-2, Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, and State Anxiety Inventory were used to measure symptom distress. The Presence Questionnaire and an open-ended questionnaire were used to evaluate the subjects' VR experience. The influence of type of cancer, age, and gender on symptom outcomes was explored. Mixed models were used to test for differences in levels of symptom distress. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Virtual reality and symptom distress. FINDINGS: Patients had an altered perception of time (p < 0.001) when using VR, which validates the distracting capacity of the intervention. Evaluation of the intervention indicated that patients believed the head-mounted device was easy to use, they experienced no cyber-sickness, and 82% would use VR again. However, analysis demonstrated no significant differences in symptom distress immediately or two days following chemotherapy treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Patients stated that using VR made the treatment seem shorter and that chemotherapy treatments with VR were better than treatments without the distraction intervention. However, positive experiences did not result in a decrease in symptom distress. The findings support the idea that using VR can help to make chemotherapy treatments more tolerable, but clinicians should not assume that use of VR will improve chemotherapy-related symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Patients found using VR during chemotherapy treatments to be enjoyable. VR is a feasible and cost-effective distraction intervention to implement in the clinical setting.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE/ OBJECTIVES: To explore virtual reality (VR) as a distraction intervention to relieve symptom distress in adults receiving chemotherapy treatments for breast, colon, and lung cancer. DESIGN: Crossover design in which participants served as their own control. SETTING:Outpatient clinic at a comprehensive cancer center in the southeastern United States. SAMPLE: 123 adults receiving initial chemotherapy treatments. METHODS:Participants were randomly assigned to receive the VR distraction intervention during one chemotherapy treatment and then received no intervention (control) during an alternate matched chemotherapy treatment. The Adapted Symptom Distress Scale-2, Revised Piper Fatigue Scale, and State Anxiety Inventory were used to measure symptom distress. The Presence Questionnaire and an open-ended questionnaire were used to evaluate the subjects' VR experience. The influence of type of cancer, age, and gender on symptom outcomes was explored. Mixed models were used to test for differences in levels of symptom distress. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Virtual reality and symptom distress. FINDINGS:Patients had an altered perception of time (p < 0.001) when using VR, which validates the distracting capacity of the intervention. Evaluation of the intervention indicated that patients believed the head-mounted device was easy to use, they experienced no cyber-sickness, and 82% would use VR again. However, analysis demonstrated no significant differences in symptom distress immediately or two days following chemotherapy treatments. CONCLUSIONS:Patients stated that using VR made the treatment seem shorter and that chemotherapy treatments with VR were better than treatments without the distraction intervention. However, positive experiences did not result in a decrease in symptom distress. The findings support the idea that using VR can help to make chemotherapy treatments more tolerable, but clinicians should not assume that use of VR will improve chemotherapy-related symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Patients found using VR during chemotherapy treatments to be enjoyable. VR is a feasible and cost-effective distraction intervention to implement in the clinical setting.
Authors: G Macquart-Moulin; P Viens; D Genre; M L Bouscary; M Resbeut; G Gravis; J Camerlo; D Maraninchi; J P Moatti Journal: Cancer Date: 1999-05-15 Impact factor: 6.860
Authors: Ahmedin Jemal; Rebecca Siegel; Elizabeth Ward; Taylor Murray; Jiaquan Xu; Carol Smigal; Michael J Thun Journal: CA Cancer J Clin Date: 2006 Mar-Apr Impact factor: 508.702
Authors: Elizabeth L McGarvey; Maguadalupe Leon-Verdin; Lora D Baum; Karen Bloomfield; David R Brenin; Cheryl Koopman; Scott Acton; Brian Clark; B Eugene Parker Journal: Psychooncology Date: 2010-07 Impact factor: 3.894
Authors: Rosa M Baños; Macarena Espinoza; Azucena García-Palacios; José M Cervera; Gaspar Esquerdo; Enrique Barrajón; Cristina Botella Journal: Support Care Cancer Date: 2012-06-13 Impact factor: 3.603
Authors: Karin Tanja-Dijkstra; Sabine Pahl; Mathew P White; Jackie Andrade; Cheng Qian; Malcolm Bruce; Jon May; David R Moles Journal: PLoS One Date: 2014-03-12 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Nansi López-Valverde; Jorge Muriel Fernández; Antonio López-Valverde; Luis F Valero Juan; Juan Manuel Ramírez; Javier Flores Fraile; Julio Herrero Payo; Leticia A Blanco Antona; Bruno Macedo de Sousa; Manuel Bravo Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2020-04-05 Impact factor: 4.241