BACKGROUND: Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus (OAC) and gastric cardia (GCA) are not yet established. AIM: To compare environmental risk factors between patients with OAC and GCA. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty-six patients with OAC, 43 with GCA and 57 with squamous cell carcinoma filled out a questionnaire with information on demographic and lifestyle characteristics, physical activity levels, family history, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and medication use. RESULTS: OAC and GCA patients were similar with regard to male predominance and age, alcohol intake and smoking, use of fruits and vegetables, body posture and occupational activities (P > 0.05). GCA patients less often had heartburn compared with OAC patients [odds ratio (OR) 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.96] and had these symptoms less frequently and for a shorter period (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-1.0 and OR 0.1, CI 0.03-0.6, respectively). Former and current aspirin use was lower among GCA patients than OAC patients (OR 0.2, CI 0.05-0.7 and OR 0.4, CI 0.1-0.9, respectively), whereas no difference in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was detected. CONCLUSION: Although OAC and GCA share several environmental risk factors, OAC is more frequently associated with a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, suggesting a more important role for gastro-oesophageal reflux in OAC compared with GCA.
BACKGROUND: Risk factors for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus (OAC) and gastric cardia (GCA) are not yet established. AIM: To compare environmental risk factors between patients with OAC and GCA. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty-six patients with OAC, 43 with GCA and 57 with squamous cell carcinoma filled out a questionnaire with information on demographic and lifestyle characteristics, physical activity levels, family history, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and medication use. RESULTS:OAC and GCA patients were similar with regard to male predominance and age, alcohol intake and smoking, use of fruits and vegetables, body posture and occupational activities (P > 0.05). GCA patients less often had heartburn compared with OACpatients [odds ratio (OR) 0.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.96] and had these symptoms less frequently and for a shorter period (OR 0.3, CI 0.1-1.0 and OR 0.1, CI 0.03-0.6, respectively). Former and current aspirin use was lower among GCA patients than OACpatients (OR 0.2, CI 0.05-0.7 and OR 0.4, CI 0.1-0.9, respectively), whereas no difference in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was detected. CONCLUSION: Although OAC and GCA share several environmental risk factors, OAC is more frequently associated with a history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, suggesting a more important role for gastro-oesophageal reflux in OAC compared with GCA.
Authors: James Welsh; Arya Amini; Anna Likhacheva; Jeremy Erasmus J; Daniel Gomez; Marta Davila; Reza J Mehran; Ritsuko Komaki; Zhongxing Liao; Wayne L Hofstetter; Jeffrey Lee H; Manoop S Bhutani; Jaffer A Ajani Journal: Curr Oncol Rep Date: 2011-06 Impact factor: 5.075
Authors: Michael F Leitzmann; Corinna Koebnick; Neal D Freedman; Yikyung Park; Rachel Ballard-Barbash; Albert Hollenbeck; Arthur Schatzkin; Christian C Abnet Journal: Am J Prev Med Date: 2008-12-05 Impact factor: 5.043