Murine typhus in Cyprus: 21 paediatric cases.

The aim of this article is to present the manifestations of Rickettsia typhi infection in childhood. Twenty-one children under 15 years of age were hospitalised in the Department of Paediatrics of the Archbishop Makarios Hospital in Nicosia, Cyprus, from 2000 to 2006 with Rickettsia typhi infection. Ten of them were boys and 11 were girls. The median age was eight years (range four to 13 years). The most common clinical features were fever (100%) and rash (57%). Lymphadenopathy, usually cervical, was also a frequent finding (37%). Severe headache was rather infrequent (29%). Splenomegaly or hepatomegaly were less frequent findings (24% and 10%, respectively). Mild elevation of liver enzymes (AST and ALT elevated >1-fold in 81% and 75%, respectively) was the most frequent laboratory finding. Thrombocytopenia (28%) and leucopenia (17%) were less frequent. Nearly half of the patients (10/21) came from four neighbouring villages, where most residents work in agriculture. All of the children were treated with appropriate antibiotic regimens and had complete recovery. Rickettsia typhi infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children who present during the summer or early autumn months with prolonged fever and rash with or without lymphadenopathy.