Best practice case management for improved medical adherence.

Less than optimal treatment adherence for many health conditions impedes clinical progress, leading to increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs, particularly for low-income and racial and ethnic minority patients. When properly understood as a complex phenomenon involving patient, provider, and health system interacting factors, adherence improvement is a natural target for social work's multi-system model of case management. We present five key elements for a generic "best practice" case management blueprint applicable to a range of medical settings. The theory and evidence base for the elements are discussed and illustrated with SAFe, a tested social work case management program to improve adherence following abnormal cancer screens.