Biochemical and pharmacological differences between preparations of exogenous natural surfactant used to treat Respiratory Distress Syndrome: role of the different components in an efficient pulmonary surfactant.

The pharmaceutical application of exogenous natural pulmonary surfactant preparations has shown its efficiency in the therapeutical treatment of infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. At the same time, the use of these preparations in patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, although not still an effective therapy, shows promising results. The analysis of composition, structure and surface activity of some of the different natural surfactant preparations available today for clinical use reveals important differences, a fact that opens horizons in the optimization of new effective formulations in the treatment of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The purpose of this review is to carry out an updating of the current models interpreting the role of the main components of pulmonary surfactant as a reference to evaluate the biochemical composition of the preparations of exogenous natural pulmonary surfactant currently in use and their apparent pharmacological effect.