Rebecca R S Socolar1, Eric Savage, Hughes Evans. 1. Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7225, USA. rsocolar@med.unc.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine how discipline practices changed over time for young children. METHODS: A cohort of parents with young children were interviewed in clinic about a broad array of disciplinary practices at two points in time. RESULTS: A total of 182 parents were interviewed at Time 1, and 94 were interviewed at Time 1 and 2. Mean age of the child was 16.2 months at Time 1 and 35.8 months at Time 2. Monitoring, verbal communication, and distracting were the most common types of discipline when the children were one year old. Corporal punishment (P < 0.05), verbal communication (P < 0.001), timeout (< 0.0001), removing privileges (< 0.0001), negative demeanor (< 0.0001), and sternness (< 0.0001) increased significantly from Time 1 to Time 2. Distracting (< 0.001) decreased significantly and positive demeanor also decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Most discipline practices increased in frequency over the 20 months of this study. The increase in parental negative demeanor seems particularly important and worthy of further study.
OBJECTIVE: To determine how discipline practices changed over time for young children. METHODS: A cohort of parents with young children were interviewed in clinic about a broad array of disciplinary practices at two points in time. RESULTS: A total of 182 parents were interviewed at Time 1, and 94 were interviewed at Time 1 and 2. Mean age of the child was 16.2 months at Time 1 and 35.8 months at Time 2. Monitoring, verbal communication, and distracting were the most common types of discipline when the children were one year old. Corporal punishment (P < 0.05), verbal communication (P < 0.001), timeout (< 0.0001), removing privileges (< 0.0001), negative demeanor (< 0.0001), and sternness (< 0.0001) increased significantly from Time 1 to Time 2. Distracting (< 0.001) decreased significantly and positive demeanor also decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Most discipline practices increased in frequency over the 20 months of this study. The increase in parental negative demeanor seems particularly important and worthy of further study.
Authors: Elizabeth T Gershoff; Andrew Grogan-Kaylor; Jennifer E Lansford; Lei Chang; Arnaldo Zelli; Kirby Deater-Deckard; Kenneth A Dodge Journal: Child Dev Date: 2010 Mar-Apr
Authors: Lisa J Berlin; Jean M Ispa; Mark A Fine; Patrick S Malone; Jeanne Brooks-Gunn; Christy Brady-Smith; Catherine Ayoub; Yu Bai Journal: Child Dev Date: 2009 Sep-Oct
Authors: Adam J Zolotor; T Walker Robinson; Desmond K Runyan; Ronald G Barr; Robert A Murphy Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2011-06-24 Impact factor: 4.157