Generation of cells committed towards the photoreceptor fate for retinal transplantation.

Cell transplantation is an active field of research to replace lost cells in retinal dystrophies to potentially restore visual function. We hypothesized that in-vitro differentiated retinal stem cells would integrate the appropriate retinal layer and differentiate into photoreceptors when transplanted during development. Here we show that retinal stem cells driven to the photoreceptor fate start to incorporate the retina and express photoreceptor markers but do not survive. Nevertheless surviving grafted cells express the glial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein and incorporate the ganglion cell layer as well as the inner plexiform layer. These results suggest that the maturation state of the photoreceptors is primordial to obtain robust incorporation and that a fine tuning of retinal stem cells differentiation should provide adequate cells for transplantation.