Absolute phase measurements using geometric constraints between multiple cameras and projectors.

The method of phase shift with the projection of multiple cyclic patterns enables 3D measurement that is highly accurate, dense, and fast. However, this measurement is only possible for the wrapped phase value, which has ambiguities in its multiples of cycles. Two particular problems are that conventional methods require additional patterns to be projected to determine the absolute phase and that unwrapping the phase tends to fail where depth varies abruptly. Two methods are proposed: the first is to determine the absolute phase without additional patterns being projected by observing the projected pattern with multiple cameras and applying the geometric constraints between them, and the second is to prevent failure in unwrapping the phase by referring to continuities in the relative phases of multiple projected patterns. The proposed methods were achieved with a 3D scanner that can measure approximately a 180 degrees field of view within 0.5 s, with an accuracy of 0.14 mm in depth.