Incidental and intentional flavor memory in young and older subjects.

Incidental and intentional learning and memory for 2 novel flavors were compared in young and elderly subjects. Incidental and intentional learning groups rated 2 new soups on acceptability for different occasions and were tested for memory the next day. On the first day, only the intentional group was asked to memorize the stimuli. With incidental learning, elderly and young were equally good, but the young performed better with intentional than with incidental learning, whereas the elderly did not. There were no age-related differences in perceptual discrimination. When comparing perceived flavor with the memory of it, the elderly tend to overrate intensities of remembered flavor attributes, whereas the young tend to underrate them. Memory was not related to flavor pleasantness or neophobia. Like memory for taste and texture, flavor memory seems to be mainly tuned at detecting changes and based on "feelings of not knowing" rather than on precise identification and recognition of previously encountered stimuli.