Neuropsychiatric disease in collagen vascular diseases and vasculitis.

The prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus varies between 37 and 95%; cognitive dysfunction, mood disorder, and anxiety syndromes are especially frequent. In Sjoegren's syndrome, cognitive dysfunction is combined with frontal executive disorder and attention deficit. Memory impairment, frontal executive dysfunction and personality changes have been reported in Behçet's disease. Classic polyarteritis nodosa, the Churg Strauss syndrome and Wegener's granulomatosis may be associated with cognitive changes due to inflammatory encephalopathy. Cranial arteritis belongs to the treatable causes of dementia. In primary angiitis of the CNS, small-vessel disease presents more frequently with encephalopathy.