Transmission of salmonellae among calves penned individually.

An analysis of the spatial and temporal patterns of excretion of salmonellae by calves penned individually showed that non-contagious routes were more important than contagious routes in disease spread. The avoidance of aerosol production, and the effective cleaning and disinfection of utensils between feeds and of buildings between batches, are likely to be more important than pen design in the control and prevention of calf salmonellosis.