AIM: To analyse the impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on asthma presence, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airway function and active smoking in early adulthood. METHODS: We have prospectively studied 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of 2 years. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested for airway function and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. RESULTS: There was a significant, independent correlation between both pre- and post-natal smoke exposure and asthma at age 17-20 years, OR 3.5 (1.1-11.3) and 3.4 (1.2-10.1), respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for current bronchial hyper-responsiveness, OR 6.6 (1.2-35.5). Pre-natal smoke exposure seemed to negatively affect small airway function in early adulthood due to structural changes. Post-natal smoke exposure was independently associated with an increased risk of current smoking, OR 7.4 (1.6-35.2). CONCLUSION: In subjects hospitalized due to early wheezing, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure increase the risk of asthma in early adulthood. The connection between pre-natal smoke exposure and asthma appears to be mediated via the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Smoke exposure in infancy is associated with an increased risk of active smoking in early adult age, which is in turn linked to current asthma.
AIM: To analyse the impact of pre- and post-natal smoke exposure on asthma presence, bronchial hyper-responsiveness, airway function and active smoking in early adulthood. METHODS: We have prospectively studied 101 children hospitalized due to wheezing before the age of 2 years. The cohort was re-investigated at age 17-20 years and tested for airway function and bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. RESULTS: There was a significant, independent correlation between both pre- and post-natal smoke exposure and asthma at age 17-20 years, OR 3.5 (1.1-11.3) and 3.4 (1.2-10.1), respectively. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for current bronchial hyper-responsiveness, OR 6.6 (1.2-35.5). Pre-natal smoke exposure seemed to negatively affect small airway function in early adulthood due to structural changes. Post-natal smoke exposure was independently associated with an increased risk of current smoking, OR 7.4 (1.6-35.2). CONCLUSION: In subjects hospitalized due to early wheezing, pre- and post-natal smoke exposure increase the risk of asthma in early adulthood. The connection between pre-natal smoke exposure and asthma appears to be mediated via the development of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. Smoke exposure in infancy is associated with an increased risk of active smoking in early adult age, which is in turn linked to current asthma.
Authors: Cheryl R Stein; Jennifer A Ellis; David A Savitz; Laura Vichinsky; Sarah B Perl Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2009 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 2.792
Authors: Fritz Horak; Tamas Fazekas; Angela Zacharasiewicz; Ernst Eber; Herbert Kiss; Alfred Lichtenschopf; Manfred Neuberger; Rudolf Schmitzberger; Burkhard Simma; Andree Wilhelm-Mitteräcker; Josef Riedler Journal: Wien Klin Wochenschr Date: 2011-12-22 Impact factor: 1.704
Authors: Jesse P Joad; Kayleen S Kott; John M Bric; Janice L Peake; Kent E Pinkerton Journal: Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Date: 2008-11-20 Impact factor: 4.219