Biomolecular modification of implant surfaces.

In this review, surface modification of implant devices by immobilization of biological molecules is discussed. A brief introduction to the development of biomolecular surface science is presented, followed by a review of current activities in selected fields. Bone-contacting devices and some cardiovascular implant devices are reviewed as paradigmatic examples of research that is currently taking place. Advances in the basic fields of cell and tissue biology, in addition to concurrent developments in surface science tools, suggest that 'peri-implant biologics', or the control and direction of the host response at the implant-tissue interface by implant-surface-linked biomolecules, could be a major area of growth in the medical devices field in the next few years.