Role of respiration in the germination process of the pathogenic mold Aspergillus fumigatus.

Inhalation of resting conidia is usually the first step of a systemic infection caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. In the lung, the inhaled spores encounter an environment that permits germination. However, the relative importance of certain environmental conditions for conidial activation and subsequent hyphae formation has so far not been analyzed in detail. In this study, we studied the role of oxygen during germination. We found that inhibitors of the respiratory chain were nearly as efficient in blocking germination as cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, which is already known to prevent germination of Aspergillus nidulans. We also found that A. fumigatus is unable to grow or germinate under anaerobic conditions, and using the fluorescent mitotracker dye we detected active mitochondria already at the stage of swollen conidia, which indicates that respiration is an early event during germination. In line with these data, we found that significant oxygen consumption was detectable early during germination, whereas no oxygen consumption was measurable in suspensions of resting conidia. In summary, the present study provides evidence that respiration is absolutely required for the germination of A. fumigatus conidia.