Rhabdomyosarcoma in a patient with Noonan syndrome phenotype and review of the literature.

An increased risk of different types of malignancy has been reported in patients with Noonan syndrome (NS). We describe a patient with short stature, dysmorphic features, developmental delay, and congenital cardiomyopathy. At 5 years old, he presented with abdominal pain, constipation, and evaluation with ultrasound and computed tomography scan demonstrated the presence of an abdominal mass. Total resection of the mass and consequent histology revealed an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare tumor in NS patients and to the best of our knowledge only 2 cases have been reported so far. The presentation underlines the importance of frequent follow-up of patients with NS, since the incidence of malignancy is low but existing.