Gastrointestinal absorption of Cd-metallothionein and cadmium chloride in mice.

CdCl2 or Cd-metallothionein (MT) (6 micrograms Cd with 2.25 muCi (83.25 KBq) 109Cd) was given orally to mice, which were sacrificed at 30 min and 2 h after intubation. Although 109Cd in Cd-MT was excreted rapidly into the urine, its absorption was found to be significantly less than that of CdCl2. The poor absorption was due to a decrease of Cd-MT uptake into the intestine. Cadmium chloride taken up into the mucosa could stimulate MT synthesis even 30 min after its intubation. However, the percentage of MT-bound Cd in the Cd of intestinal supernatants was lower with CdCl2 (62% at 30 min and 2 h) than with Cd-MT (78% and 84% at 30 min and 2 h, respectively). These results suggest that the transport mode of lumenal Cd-MT to mucosal cells is different from that of lumenal CdCl2. Lumenal Cd-MT is probably internalized into intestinal cells in an intact form. Furthermore, the Cd-MT may pass through the basolateral membrane in this form. This hypothesis was supported by the different distributions of Cd in the liver and kidney after Cd-MT and CdCl2 intubations.