Anne Z Hoch1, John E Stavrakos, Jane E Schimke. 1. Women's Sports Medicine Program/Sports Medicine Center, Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. azeni@mcw.edu
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the female athlete triad in club triathletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Academic medical center in the midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen women (mean age, 35+/-6 y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disordered eating and menstrual status were determined by questionnaires. Energy status was determined by a 3-day food record, resting energy expenditure, and exercise energy output. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the total left hip and lumbar spine (L2-4) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the triathletes were found to be in calorie deficit, 53% had a carbohydrate deficit, 47% had a fat deficit, 40% had a protein deficit, and 33% had a calcium deficit. Forty percent of triathletes reported a history of amenorrhea. BMD was normal in the lumbar spine (L2-4) (1.3+/-0.1 g/cm(2)) and total left hip (1.1+/-0.1 g/cm(2)). CONCLUSIONS: Triathletes are at risk for components of the female athlete triad. Continued efforts need to be directed at prevention through education of athletes, coaches, parents, and health care professionals.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of the female athlete triad in club triathletes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Academic medical center in the midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen women (mean age, 35+/-6 y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Disordered eating and menstrual status were determined by questionnaires. Energy status was determined by a 3-day food record, resting energy expenditure, and exercise energy output. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the total left hip and lumbar spine (L2-4) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the triathletes were found to be in calorie deficit, 53% had a carbohydrate deficit, 47% had a fat deficit, 40% had a protein deficit, and 33% had a calcium deficit. Forty percent of triathletes reported a history of amenorrhea. BMD was normal in the lumbar spine (L2-4) (1.3+/-0.1 g/cm(2)) and total left hip (1.1+/-0.1 g/cm(2)). CONCLUSIONS:Triathletes are at risk for components of the female athlete triad. Continued efforts need to be directed at prevention through education of athletes, coaches, parents, and health care professionals.
Authors: R Plinta; M Olszanecka-Glinianowicz; A Drosdzol-Cop; J Chudek; V Skrzypulec-Plinta Journal: J Endocrinol Invest Date: 2011-10-06 Impact factor: 4.256
Authors: Lygeri Dimitriou; Richard Weiler; Rebecca Lloyd-Smith; Antony Turner; Luke Heath; Nic James; Anna Reid Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2014-02-12 Impact factor: 2.692