Prasad Devarajan1. 1. Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA. prasad.devarajan@cchmc.org
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem with a rising incidence and high mortality rate. The lack of early biomarkers has resulted in an unacceptable delay in initiating therapies. METHODS: Here we will update the reader on promising new blood and urinary biomarkers that have recently emerged through the application of innovative technologies such as functional genomics and proteomics to human and animal models of AKI. RESULTS: The most promising biomarkers of AKI for clinical use include a plasma panel (NGAL and cystatin C) and a urine panel (NGAL, Il-18 and KIM-1). CONCLUSIONS: As they represent tandem biomarkers, it is likely that the AKI panels will be useful for timing the initial insult and assessing the duration and severity of AKI. Based on the differential expression of the biomarkers, it is also likely that the AKI panels will distinguish between the various types and etiologies of AKI. It will be important in future studies to validate the sensitivity and specificity of these biomarker panels in clinical samples from large cohorts and from multiple clinical situations.
BACKGROUND:Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem with a rising incidence and high mortality rate. The lack of early biomarkers has resulted in an unacceptable delay in initiating therapies. METHODS: Here we will update the reader on promising new blood and urinary biomarkers that have recently emerged through the application of innovative technologies such as functional genomics and proteomics to human and animal models of AKI. RESULTS: The most promising biomarkers of AKI for clinical use include a plasma panel (NGAL and cystatin C) and a urine panel (NGAL, Il-18 and KIM-1). CONCLUSIONS: As they represent tandem biomarkers, it is likely that the AKI panels will be useful for timing the initial insult and assessing the duration and severity of AKI. Based on the differential expression of the biomarkers, it is also likely that the AKI panels will distinguish between the various types and etiologies of AKI. It will be important in future studies to validate the sensitivity and specificity of these biomarker panels in clinical samples from large cohorts and from multiple clinical situations.
Authors: Yan Yu; Hong Jin; Daniel Holder; Josef S Ozer; Stephanie Villarreal; Paul Shughrue; Shu Shi; David J Figueroa; Holly Clouse; Ming Su; Nagaraja Muniappa; Sean P Troth; Wendy Bailey; John Seng; Amy G Aslamkhan; Douglas Thudium; Frank D Sistare; David L Gerhold Journal: Nat Biotechnol Date: 2010-05 Impact factor: 54.908
Authors: Sangeetha Rao; Kelly B Walters; Landon Wilson; Bo Chen; Subhashini Bolisetty; David Graves; Stephen Barnes; Anupam Agarwal; Janusz H Kabarowski Journal: Am J Physiol Renal Physiol Date: 2016-02-24
Authors: Michiko Suzuki; Kristina M Wiers; Marisa S Klein-Gitelman; Kathleen A Haines; Judyann Olson; Karen B Onel; Kathleen O'Neil; Murray H Passo; Nora G Singer; Lori Tucker; Jun Ying; Prasad Devarajan; Hermine I Brunner Journal: Pediatr Nephrol Date: 2008-01-17 Impact factor: 3.714