Significantly increased lifespan and improved behavioral performances by rAAV gene delivery in adult mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB mice.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is an inherited lysosomal storage disease, caused by the deficiency of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NaGlu), resulting in severe global neurological involvement with high mortality. One major hurdle in therapeutic development for MPS IIIB is the presence of the blood-brain barrier, which impedes the global central nervous system (CNS) delivery of therapeutic materials. In this study, we used a minimal invasive strategy, combining an intravenous (i.v.) and an intracisternal (i.c.) injection, following an i.v. infusion of mannitol, to complement the CNS delivery of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector for treating MPS IIIB in young adult mice. This treatment resulted in a significantly prolonged lifespan of MPS IIIB mice (11.1-19.5 months), compared with that without treatment (7.9-11.3), and correlated with significantly improved behavioral performances, the restoration of functional NaGlu, and variable correction of lysosomal storage pathology in the CNS, as well as in different somatic tissues. This study demonstrated the great potential of combining i.v. and i.c. administration for improving rAAV CNS gene delivery and developing rAAV gene therapy for treating MPS IIIB in patients.