Harmonic imaging using multitone nonlinear coding.

We present a new method that uses nonlinear properties of tissue to improve contrast-to-noise ratio. In our novel method, the acoustic source is activated with two tone-bursts (2.2 and 4.4 MHz), with specially designed polarization of the individual tone-burst. This new approach is called multitone nonlinear coding (MNC) because the choice of polarization of both tones (and their amplitudes), allowing optimization of the receiving properties, depends on the nonlinear properties of tissue. The calculations were done for two tone-bursts propagating in the tissue-like glossy medium with absorption of 7 Np/m x MHz. The method was experimentally verified by scanning the incident pulses propagating in soft tissue and by scanning the thread phantom immersed in water. The concept of the virtual fields was introduced to explain abilities and properties of pulse inversion and MNC and to compare the two methods. Comparison of the spatial field distribution obtained using MNC with the conventional harmonic imaging approach, in which the second harmonic is used to reconstruct the image, is presented. It was shown that, for the same peak pressure amplitude, the resulting mechanical index was about 40% lower for MNC, lateral resolution was 10% to 30% better and, what seems to be the most encouraging, the signal gain was up to eight times higher than pulse inversion.