Inhibition within a reference frame during the interpretation of spatial language.

Spatial terms such as right are potentially ambiguous because they can refer to different regions of space when defined by competing reference frames (e.g., my right within a relative reference frame versus an object's right within an intrinsic reference frame). In such situations, previous research has suggested that multiple reference frames are initially activated, followed by inhibition of the reference frame that is not ultimately selected to define the spatial term. Reference frames are complex multi-component representations, raising the question of exactly which components of the non-selected frame are inhibited. It is possible that the whole frame may be inhibited, including all axes and endpoints, or that only select endpoints and axes may be inhibited. Three experiments conducted using a negative priming paradigm revealed that only certain components of the non-selected reference frame were inhibited, consistent with the idea that some axes are privileged. These results also suggest that the components of a reference frame can be independently accessed. Implications for representing and accessing spatial information are discussed.