Nonsurgical interventions for spine pain.

Nonsurgical, conservative approaches to spine pain include medication and physical therapy. In addition, several invasive procedures have been developed to provide relief when conservative options fail. These include facet joint injection and radiofrequency ablation techniques, translaminar and transforaminal epidural corticosteroid injections, and intradiscal coagulation procedures. Controlled studies to assess the effectiveness of some of these therapeutic modalities have been performed.