M V Perez1, T S Yaw, J Myers, V F Froelicher. 1. Stanford University School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5406, USA. mperez@cvmed.stanford.edu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and prognostic values of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in Hispanics have not been compared to other ethnicities in a large population. Despite a worse cardiovascular risk profile, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is lower in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that ECG abnormalities were less common in Hispanics and were not as strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: 45,563 ECGs ordered for usual clinical indications in a Veteran's hospital were available for analysis. 1,392 patients who died within one week of the ECG were excluded. Demographic characteristics were recorded and the population was followed for an average of 7.5 years using the California Death Index. The presence of baseline ECG characteristics were recorded and analyzed using the GE/Marquette computerized ECG system. Age, sex and heart rate adjusted Cox hazard ratio analyses were performed. RESULTS: Being Hispanic was associated with lower cardiovascular death, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.65-0.89). Findings such as atrial fibrillation, presence of Q-waves, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), upright T-waves in aortic valve replacement (aVR) and cardiac Infarction Injury Scores > 6 were significantly less prevalent in Hispanics than in non-Hispanics. These findings were similarly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in both groups, each with a HR of approximately 2. CONCLUSION: The lower prevalence of ECG characteristics associated with coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy support prior observations that cardiovascular disease is less prevalent in the Hispanic population. These findings, however, are similarly associated with increased mortality compared to non-Hispanics.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence and prognostic values of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in Hispanics have not been compared to other ethnicities in a large population. Despite a worse cardiovascular risk profile, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease is lower in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that ECG abnormalities were less common in Hispanics and were not as strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality. METHODS: 45,563 ECGs ordered for usual clinical indications in a Veteran's hospital were available for analysis. 1,392 patients who died within one week of the ECG were excluded. Demographic characteristics were recorded and the population was followed for an average of 7.5 years using the California Death Index. The presence of baseline ECG characteristics were recorded and analyzed using the GE/Marquette computerized ECG system. Age, sex and heart rate adjusted Cox hazard ratio analyses were performed. RESULTS: Being Hispanic was associated with lower cardiovascular death, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.76 (95% CI 0.65-0.89). Findings such as atrial fibrillation, presence of Q-waves, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), upright T-waves in aortic valve replacement (aVR) and cardiac Infarction Injury Scores > 6 were significantly less prevalent in Hispanics than in non-Hispanics. These findings were similarly associated with increased cardiovascular mortality in both groups, each with a HR of approximately 2. CONCLUSION: The lower prevalence of ECG characteristics associated with coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy support prior observations that cardiovascular disease is less prevalent in the Hispanic population. These findings, however, are similarly associated with increased mortality compared to non-Hispanics.
Authors: Kathy Hebert; Henry C Quevedo; Leonardo Tamariz; Andre Dias; Dylan L Steen; Rosario A Colombo; Emiliana Franco; Sholom Neistein; Lee M Arcement Journal: Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol Date: 2012-04 Impact factor: 1.468
Authors: Pablo Denes; Daniel B Garside; Donald Lloyd-Jones; Natalia Gouskova; Elsayed Z Soliman; Robert Ostfeld; Zhu-Ming Zhang; Alvaro Camacho; Ronald Prineas; Leopoldo Raij; Martha L Daviglus Journal: Am J Cardiol Date: 2013-09-19 Impact factor: 2.778
Authors: Aramesh Saremi; Dawn C Schwenke; Gideon Bahn; Ling Ge; Nicholas Emanuele; Peter D Reaven Journal: Metabolism Date: 2014-10-17 Impact factor: 8.694
Authors: Yabing Li; Farah Z Dawood; Haiying Chen; Aditya Jain; Joseph A Walsh; Alvaro Alonso; Donald M Lloyd-Jones; Elsayed Z Soliman Journal: Am J Med Date: 2013-05 Impact factor: 4.965
Authors: Edward P Havranek; Desiree B Froshaug; Caroline D B Emserman; Rebecca Hanratty; Mori J Krantz; Frederick A Masoudi; L Miriam Dickinson; John F Steiner Journal: Am J Med Date: 2008-10 Impact factor: 4.965
Authors: Saulette R Queen; Beverly Smulevitz; Anne R Rentfro; Kristina P Vatcheva; Hyunggun Kim; David D McPherson; Craig L Hanis; Susan P Fisher-Hoch; Joseph B McCormick; Susan T Laing Journal: World J Cardiovasc Dis Date: 2012-04
Authors: Renee Bolijn; C Cato Ter Haar; Ralf E Harskamp; Hanno L Tan; Jan A Kors; Pieter G Postema; Marieke B Snijder; Ron J G Peters; Anton E Kunst; Irene G M van Valkengoed Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2020-09-03 Impact factor: 2.692