Thermophysical properties of interfacial layer in nanofluids.

Although recent experiments have revealed that nanofluids have superior thermal conductivities to base fluids, the inherent physics are not fully understood. In this study, an interfacial layer, competing with Brownian motion as a corresponding mechanism, is conceptually connected with the surface-charge-induced electrical double layer. By applying colloidal science, the first explicit equations for the thickness and thermal conductivity of the layer are obtained. A fractal model including the new concept of the layer is developed. The model predictions are compared with experimental data for effects of pH, temperature, volume fraction, and primary particle size of CuO-water nanofluids.