Outcomes in elderly patients with newly diagnosed and treated epilepsy.

Epilepsy develops most commonly in the elderly. Seizures can severely affect a senior citizen's quality of life, and despite a growing elderly population with epilepsy, there is a paucity of good clinical data in this age group. To address some of the issues encountered by elderly patients with epilepsy, prospective information from elderly patients attending the Epilepsy Unit at the Western Infirmary in Glasgow, Scotland, was analyzed. Ninety patients, aged 65-93 years, were diagnosed with epilepsy and started on antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment. Neuroimaging was performed in 84 patients (93%), with 69 evaluated via computerized tomography and 15 via magnetic resonance imaging; abnormalities were found in 45 patients (54%). Sixty-eight patients underwent interictal electroencephalography, which revealed epileptiform discharges in 18 patients (26%). Fifty-eight of 90 patients (64%) became seizure free for at least 12 months on modest doses of the first prescribed AED. Seizures remained uncontrolled in 21 patients (23%), and the first AED was withdrawn in 11 patients (12%) because of adverse events. Following pharmacological manipulation, a total of 76 patients (84%) achieved seizure freedom. Patients starting treatment > or =2 years after their first seizure were less likely to achieve seizure control than patients who initiated treatment earlier. Newly diagnosed elderly patients were more likely to remain seizure free on AED treatment than newly diagnosed younger populations (p < 0.001). The majority of patients evaluated had partial-onset seizures, and underlying cerebral atrophy and infarcts were common. Treating an older person with initial AED therapy can be complicated; taking adequate time and communicating clearly are paramount. Although most of the patients evaluated had a positive outcome, all AEDs have some disadvantages in this population. Choice of drug may depend on comorbidity and comedication, among other factors. Initial dosing should be low with a slow titration schedule. A holistic approach to care helps optimize the outcome for elderly people with epilepsy.