Risk factors for urinary complications after renal transplantation.

Urinary complications are common following renal transplantation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors associated with renal transplant urinary complications. We collected data on 1698 consecutive renal transplants patients. The association of donor, transplant and recipient characteristics with urinary complications was assessed by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models, fitted to analyze time-to-event outcomes of urinary complications and graft failure. Urinary complications were observed in 105 (6.2%) recipients, with a 2.8% ureteral stricture rate, a 1.7% rate of leak and stricture, and a 1.6% rate of urine leaks. Seventy percent of these complications were definitively managed with a percutaneous intervention. Independent risk factors for a urinary complication included: male recipient, African American recipient, and the "U"-stitch technique. Ureteral stricture was an independent risk factor for graft loss, while urinary leak was not. Laparoscopic donor technique (compared to open living donor nephrectomy) was not associated with more urinary complications. Our data suggest that several patient characteristics are associated with an increased risk of a urinary complication. The U-stitch technique should not be used for the ureteral anastomosis.