Isolation and characterization of human melanoma cell variants expressing high and low levels of CD44.

Variants of the human melanoma cell line LT5.1 were selected for high and low expression of the Mr 90,000 CD44 glycoprotein by using the Hermes-3 monoclonal antibody combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Cells were single cell cloned and clones of CD44 high-expressing and CD44 low-expressing phenotype were isolated. The variants, which exhibited up to a 7-fold difference between high and low expression, have maintained a stable phenotype over a period of 3 months in tissue culture. Northern blot analysis of mRNA from the different clones showed correlation of levels of transcripts with fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis data. Wound migration assays, utilizing the different clones, showed that the low-expressing clones manifested less motility than did cells showing high levels of CD44. Homotypic aggregation of cells was increased in those cells expressing high levels of CD44, and these variants were also better able to adhere to hyaluronate substrates. All of these activities were inhibited by the presence of anti-CD44 antibody. When injected i.v. into nu/nu BALB/c mice, the low-expressing clones gave significantly fewer lung nodules than the high-expressing clones, although the two variant types did not differ in their capacity to form s.c. tumors in similar mice. These results suggest that the CD44 molecule, possibly as a function of its activities as a hyaluronate receptor, may play a vital role in determining the fate of hematogenously disseminating melanoma cells.