Comparison of anaesthetists' activity patterns in the operating room and during simulation.

This study investigated the behavioural aspects of ecological validity of anaesthesia simulation environments using a task analysis approach. Six anaesthesists were observed during two cases performed in the operating room (OR), one routine and two critical incident simulation scenarios. A two-way MANOVA for repeated measures was performed with the independent variables Case (OR/SIM-R/SIM-CI) and Phase Induction/ Maintenance (Emergence), the latter being a repeated measure. Dependent variables were the proportion of each phase spent on each of the observation categories. Statistically significant main effects for Phase concerning communication, monitoring, manual tasks and documentation, for Case concerning communication and documentation, and a significant interaction effect for Phase x Case concerning manual tasks and other were found. Increased action density (i.e. amount of co-occurring activities) was observed during Induction, Emergence and the Management of simulated critical events. The similarities and differences in anaesthetists' activity patterns identified in this study will help to further improve the ecological validity of simulation environments as research settings.