A case of scrotal sarcoidosis that mimicked tuberculosis.

BACKGROUND: A 38-year-old man presented with bilateral testicular swelling, night sweats and weight loss with little response to antibiotics. Examination revealed systemic lymphadenopathy and multiple small masses arising from both testes. INVESTIGATIONS: Scrotal ultrasound revealed multiple intratesticular, hypoechoic lesions; chest radiograph and abdominal ultrasound were normal. A CT scan revealed multilevel lymphadenopathies. A Heaf (tuberculin) skin test was negative. Testicular biopsy revealed multiple granulomata, some of which showed patchy central necrosis. DIAGNOSIS: A diagnosis of tuberculosis was initially made. After 3 months of clinical deterioration despite antitubercular drug therapy, however, the diagnosis was changed to sarcoidosis because blood results revealed hypercalcemia, elevated serum angiotensin-converting enzyme, and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. MANAGEMENT: The patient improved dramatically on corticosteroid therapy, with complete regression of all testicular lesions on imaging after 2 months. Steroids were tapered, then discontinued after 6 months. The patient remained in complete remission, but became oligospermic by the 3 year follow-up.