OBJECTIVES: The incidence of HIV-1 dual infections is generally thought to be low, but as dual infections have been associated with accelerated disease progression, its recognition is clinically important. Methods to identify HIV-1 dual infections are time consuming and are not routinely performed. DESIGN: Genotyping of the HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase (prot/RT) genes is commonly performed in the western world to detect drug-resistance mutations in clinical isolates. In our hospital, prot/RT baseline sequencing is part of the patient care for all newly infected patients in the Amsterdam region since 2003. We reasoned that degenerate base codes in this sequence could indicate either extensive viral evolution or infection with multiple HIV-1 strains. METHODS: We amplified, cloned and sequenced multiple HIV-1 envelope (env)-V3 and gag sequences from patients with 34 or more (range 34-99) degenerate base codes in the ViroSeq genotyping RT sequence (37 out of 1661 available records) to estimate the number of HIV-1 dual infections in this group. RESULTS: Of the 37 patients included in this study, 16 (43.2%, equal to 1% of the 1661 total records) had an HIV-1 dual infection based on phylogenetic analysis of env-V3/gag sequences. If only sequences with 45 or more degenerate base codes were taken into account, 73.3% of patients showed evidence of a dual infection. CONCLUSION: We describe an additional use of routinely performed HIV-1 genotyping. In patients with a high number of degenerate bases (> or = 34) in RT it is important to consider the possibility of a dual HIV-1 infection.
OBJECTIVES: The incidence of HIV-1 dual infections is generally thought to be low, but as dual infections have been associated with accelerated disease progression, its recognition is clinically important. Methods to identify HIV-1 dual infections are time consuming and are not routinely performed. DESIGN: Genotyping of the HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase (prot/RT) genes is commonly performed in the western world to detect drug-resistance mutations in clinical isolates. In our hospital, prot/RT baseline sequencing is part of the patient care for all newly infectedpatients in the Amsterdam region since 2003. We reasoned that degenerate base codes in this sequence could indicate either extensive viral evolution or infection with multiple HIV-1 strains. METHODS: We amplified, cloned and sequenced multiple HIV-1 envelope (env)-V3 and gag sequences from patients with 34 or more (range 34-99) degenerate base codes in the ViroSeq genotyping RT sequence (37 out of 1661 available records) to estimate the number of HIV-1 dual infections in this group. RESULTS: Of the 37 patients included in this study, 16 (43.2%, equal to 1% of the 1661 total records) had an HIV-1 dual infection based on phylogenetic analysis of env-V3/gag sequences. If only sequences with 45 or more degenerate base codes were taken into account, 73.3% of patients showed evidence of a dual infection. CONCLUSION: We describe an additional use of routinely performed HIV-1 genotyping. In patients with a high number of degenerate bases (> or = 34) in RT it is important to consider the possibility of a dual HIV-1 infection.
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Authors: Mary Pacold; Davey Smith; Susan Little; Pok Man Cheng; Parris Jordan; Caroline Ignacio; Douglas Richman; Sergei Kosakovsky Pond Journal: AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses Date: 2010-10-18 Impact factor: 1.723
Authors: Luuk Gras; Ronald B Geskus; Suzanne Jurriaans; Margreet Bakker; Ard van Sighem; Daniela Bezemer; Christophe Fraser; Jan M Prins; Ben Berkhout; Frank de Wolf Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-05-27 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Antoinette C van der Kuyl; Margreet Bakker; Suzanne Jurriaans; Nicole K T Back; Alexander O Pasternak; Marion Cornelissen; Ben Berkhout Journal: Retrovirology Date: 2013-08-28 Impact factor: 4.602
Authors: István Bartha; Matthias Assel; Peter M A Sloot; Maurizio Zazzi; Carlo Torti; Eugen Schülter; Andrea De Luca; Anders Sönnerborg; Ana B Abecasis; Kristel Van Laethem; Andrea Rosi; Jenny Svärd; Roger Paredes; David A M C van de Vijver; Anne-Mieke Vandamme; Viktor Müller Journal: BMC Infect Dis Date: 2013-11-12 Impact factor: 3.090