The spectrum of podocytopathies: a unifying view of glomerular diseases.

Glomerular diseases encompass a broad array of clinicopathologically defined syndromes which together account for 90% of end-stage kidney disease costing $20 billion per annum to treat in the United States alone. Recent insights have defined the central role of the podocyte as both the regulator of glomerular development as well as the determinant of progression to glomerulosclerosis. We can now place all glomerular diseases within this spectrum of podocytopathies with predictable outcomes based on podocyte biology impacted by temporal, genetic, and environmental cues. This simplified construct is particularly useful to rationalize clinical effort toward podocyte preservation and prevention of progression as well as to focus basic research effort on understanding podocyte biology and for clinical research toward development of practical monitoring strategies for podocyte injury, dysfunction, and loss.