Alcohol and acute myocardial infarction.

A number of studies from different countries and several large-scale meta-analyses have reported reduced coronary heart disease rates among those regularly consuming mild to moderate amounts of alcohol compared with those abstaining from alcohol. In contrast, various studies have also reported that heavy alcohol consumption promotes the progression of atherosclerosis and that binge drinking might trigger embolic stroke and acute myocardial infarction. We discuss the association between alcohol consumption and acute myocardial infarction on the basis of evidence from literature published recently. Alcohol consumption has both favourable and unfavourable effects on metabolism, lipid profile, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, blood pressure and vascular tone depending on the amount of alcohol consumed and the way that it is drunk (i.e. drinking habits). We conclude that it is extremely important to warn people of the risks associated with binge drinking and to encourage them to remain within the recommended safe limits for alcohol consumption.