BACKGROUND: Human T lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) are frequent copathogens among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The long-term effects of coinfection are unknown, and little information exists regarding how levels of HTLV-1/2 viral burden are affected by antiretroviral medications. METHODS: Factors associated with HTLV-1/2 viral burden were examined in patients with HIV-HTLV-1/2 coinfection. A total of 72 subjects were evaluated. The variables analyzed included HTLV-1/2 proviral load, HTLV-1/2 tax/rex mRNA expression, HIV load, HTLV-1/2 viral antigen detection in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, T cell subsets, demographic variables (age, race, sex, and reported use of injection drugs), and administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: An HTLV-1/2 proviral DNA copy number >20,000 copies/10(6) PBMCs was significantly associated with the following variables: (1) a positive HTLV-1 Western blot test result, (2) a positive HTLV-1/2 PBMC culture result, (3) a positive tax/rex mRNA result, (4) an HIV load <10,000 copies/mL, and (5) higher CD4 cell counts among subjects with HIV-HTLV-1 coinfection. There was no correlation between HTLV-1/2 proviral copy number or HTLV-1/2 tax/rex mRNA detection and administration of antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS: HTLV-1/2 proviral burden was significantly higher among patients with HIV-HTLV-1 coinfection than among patients with HIV-HTLV-2 coinfection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy may be of limited value in controlling virus expression of HTLV-1/2 in patients with HIV-HTLV-1/2 coinfection.
BACKGROUND:Human T lymphotropic virus types 1 (HTLV-1) and 2 (HTLV-2) are frequent copathogens among individuals infected with humanimmunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The long-term effects of coinfection are unknown, and little information exists regarding how levels of HTLV-1/2 viral burden are affected by antiretroviral medications. METHODS: Factors associated with HTLV-1/2 viral burden were examined in patients with HIV-HTLV-1/2 coinfection. A total of 72 subjects were evaluated. The variables analyzed included HTLV-1/2 proviral load, HTLV-1/2 tax/rex mRNA expression, HIV load, HTLV-1/2 viral antigen detection in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, T cell subsets, demographic variables (age, race, sex, and reported use of injection drugs), and administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy. RESULTS: An HTLV-1/2 proviral DNA copy number >20,000 copies/10(6) PBMCs was significantly associated with the following variables: (1) a positive HTLV-1 Western blot test result, (2) a positive HTLV-1/2 PBMC culture result, (3) a positive tax/rex mRNA result, (4) an HIV load <10,000 copies/mL, and (5) higher CD4 cell counts among subjects with HIV-HTLV-1 coinfection. There was no correlation between HTLV-1/2 proviral copy number or HTLV-1/2 tax/rex mRNA detection and administration of antiretroviral therapy. CONCLUSIONS:HTLV-1/2 proviral burden was significantly higher among patients with HIV-HTLV-1 coinfection than among patients with HIV-HTLV-2 coinfection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy may be of limited value in controlling virus expression of HTLV-1/2 in patients with HIV-HTLV-1/2 coinfection.
Authors: Christy S Barrios; Muna Abuerreish; Michael D Lairmore; Laura Castillo; Chou-Zen Giam; Mark A Beilke Journal: Viral Immunol Date: 2011-11-23 Impact factor: 2.257
Authors: Shari N Gordon; Anna R Weissman; Valentina Cecchinato; Claudio Fenizia; Zhong-Min Ma; Tzong-Hae Lee; Lorenzo Zaffiri; Vibeke Andresen; Robyn Washington Parks; Kathryn S Jones; Jean Michel Heraud; Maria Grazia Ferrari; Hye Kyung Chung; David Venzon; Renaud Mahieux; Edward L Murphy; Steven Jacobson; Christopher J Miller; Francis W Ruscetti; Genoveffa Franchini Journal: J Virol Date: 2010-01-13 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Elisabetta Pilotti; Maria V Bianchi; Andrea De Maria; Federica Bozzano; Maria G Romanelli; Umberto Bertazzoni; Claudio Casoli Journal: Front Microbiol Date: 2013-12-23 Impact factor: 5.640
Authors: N Rockwood; L Cook; H Kagdi; S Basnayake; C R M Bangham; A L Pozniak; G P Taylor Journal: Medicine (Baltimore) Date: 2015-12 Impact factor: 1.817