Biotransformation by plant cells immobilized in cross-linked polyacrylamide-hydrazide.

Plant cells were entrapped by mixing suspended MENTHA cells with linear, water soluble polyacrylamide-hydrazide chains followed by the stoichiometric addition of glyoxal as the cross linking agent (PAAH-G entrapment). In parallel, some cells were entrapped in calcium-alginate beads, as previously described. The capability of both immobilized cell systems to reduce monoterpenes was compared with freely suspended MENTHA cells. Entrapment by either alginate or PAAH-G did not impair cell vitality, as observed by fluorescein diacetate staining. Biotransformation of (-) menthone to (+) neomenthol by M-cells and of (+) pulegone to (+) isomenthone by P-cells indicated that the transformation efficiency of the cells entrapped in PAAH-G is as high as that of freely suspended cells. Moreover, the distribution of both precursor and product in the medium versus their content in the cells (or cells contained in gel-beads) showed that less monoterpenes were retained in cells entrapped in PAAH-G, as compared to the freely suspended cells. Thus prolonged incubation (e.g. 24 hr), which usually results in appreciable loss of monoterpenes from the chloroform extract of freely-suspended-cells, caused considerably less loss from the PAAH-G entrapped-cells. In a preliminary test it was shown that PAAH-G entrapped cells were capable to perform three, consecutive, batch-type monoterpene biotransformations, without significant decrease of transformation capability. The capability to immobilize living plant cells within this synthetic chemically crosslinked gel system, combined with the favourable beads/ free-medium ratio of monoterpene distribution, point towards a potential development of a continuous biotransformation process carried out by plant-cells entrapped in this system.