Complications of capsule endoscopy.

Capsule endoscopy is generally a safe procedure with few complications. Clinically significant complications including symptomatic capsule retention and aspiration occur in less than 2% of examinations. There is currently no accepted means of accurately predicting or preventing capsule retention. A modified capsule has recently been developed to determine patency in patients who have possible strictures. Incomplete small bowel examinations occur in 15% of examinations. After risk stratification, various pharmacologic and endoscopic adjuncts can be employed to minimize this complication. Technical complications occur most commonly early in a center's experience and decrease as experience with the device increases. Implanted cardiac devices are no longer an absolute contraindication to the examination but should be conducted after multidisciplinary consultation.