BACKGROUND: We examined the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and other genital infections on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) incidence in a cohort study conducted between 2002 and 2005 among female bar/hotel workers in Moshi, Tanzania. METHODS: At baseline and every 3 months thereafter, participants were interviewed, and blood and genital samples were collected. Predictors of HIV-1 incidence were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Of 845 women who were HIV-1 seronegative at baseline, 689 (81.5%) were monitored in the study for a total of 698.6 person-years at risk (PYARs). The overall HIV-1 incidence was 4.6/100 PYARs (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-6.2/100 PYARs), and condom use was very low. After adjustment for other risk factors, the risk of HIV-1 was increased among women with HSV-2 at baseline (hazard ratio [HR], 4.3 [95% CI, 1.5-12.4]) and in those who acquired HSV-2 during the study period (HR, 5.5 [95% CI, 1.2-25.4]). Other independent predictors of HIV-1 were baseline chlamydial infection (HR, 5.2), bacterial vaginosis (HR, 2.1), and the occurrence of genital ulcers (HR, 2.7). CONCLUSION: HSV-2 and other genital infections were the most important risk factors for HIV-1. Control of these infections could help to reduce HIV-1 incidence in this population.
BACKGROUND: We examined the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and other genital infections on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) incidence in a cohort study conducted between 2002 and 2005 among female bar/hotel workers in Moshi, Tanzania. METHODS: At baseline and every 3 months thereafter, participants were interviewed, and blood and genital samples were collected. Predictors of HIV-1 incidence were evaluated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Of 845 women who were HIV-1 seronegative at baseline, 689 (81.5%) were monitored in the study for a total of 698.6 person-years at risk (PYARs). The overall HIV-1 incidence was 4.6/100 PYARs (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-6.2/100 PYARs), and condom use was very low. After adjustment for other risk factors, the risk of HIV-1 was increased among women with HSV-2 at baseline (hazard ratio [HR], 4.3 [95% CI, 1.5-12.4]) and in those who acquired HSV-2 during the study period (HR, 5.5 [95% CI, 1.2-25.4]). Other independent predictors of HIV-1 were baseline chlamydial infection (HR, 5.2), bacterial vaginosis (HR, 2.1), and the occurrence of genital ulcers (HR, 2.7). CONCLUSION: HSV-2 and other genital infections were the most important risk factors for HIV-1. Control of these infections could help to reduce HIV-1 incidence in this population.
Authors: José A Fernández-Romero; Ciby J Abraham; Aixa Rodriguez; Larisa Kizima; Ninochka Jean-Pierre; Radhika Menon; Othell Begay; Samantha Seidor; Brian E Ford; Pedro I Gil; Jennifer Peters; David Katz; Melissa Robbiani; Thomas M Zydowsky Journal: Antimicrob Agents Chemother Date: 2011-11-07 Impact factor: 5.191
Authors: Don C Des Jarlais; Kamyar Arasteh; Courtney McKnight; Holly Hagan; David C Perlman; Salaam Semaan Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2011-05-12 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Marshall W Munjoma; Edith N Kurewa; Munyaradzi P Mapingure; Grace V Mashavave; Mike Z Chirenje; Simbarashe Rusakaniko; Akhtar Hussain; Babill Stray-Pedersen Journal: BMC Womens Health Date: 2010-01-12 Impact factor: 2.809
Authors: K Baisley; J Changalucha; H A Weiss; K Mugeye; D Everett; I Hambleton; P Hay; D Ross; C Tanton; T Chirwa; R Hayes; D Watson-Jones Journal: Sex Transm Infect Date: 2009-05-26 Impact factor: 3.519