Clinical and economic implications of new strategies for heart failure management in the managed care setting.

Clinical pharmacists in all settings see a large number of patients with heart failure, many of whom are Medicare recipients. Clinical studies have identified appropriate drug therapy for patients with heart failure, and several professional organizations have compiled excellent guidelines. Regardless, many patients are not benefiting from treatment with drugs proven to help reduce morbidity and mortality. Following the evidence-based or consensus guidelines can reduce morbidity, mortality, and costs associated with heart failure.