BACKGROUND: While many preclinical models detect the analgesic activity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the radiant heat tail-flick response has repeatedly been insensitive to this class of drugs. As the tail-flick test involves nociceptive processing at spinal circuits with supraspinal modulation, it seems reasonable to assume that the NSAIDs should not modify strong nociceptive stimuli, since the primary site of action of NSAIDs is likely to be in the periphery. METHODS: We injected 3-300 mug of diclofenac, dipyrone, ketorolac, lysine acetyl salicylate, and sodium salicylate intradermally into mice tails and evaluated the tail-flick response to radiant heat. These results were compared with intraperitoneally injected controls. We also evaluated the ability of naloxone to reverse the observed effects. RESULTS: Intradermal injection of each NSAID produced a dose-dependent increase in tail-flick latency. Intraperitoneal NSAIDs injection produced no antinociceptive effects. Naloxone pretreatment had no effect on the antinociceptive effects of intradermal diclofenac, ketorolac, lysine acetyl salicylate, and sodium salicylate. Naloxone completely blocked the antinociceptive effects of intradermal dipyrone. CONCLUSIONS: Local, but not systemic, administration of NSAIDs produced antinociception in the tail-flick thermal assay. The endogenous opioid system contributes to the peripheral antinociceptive effects of dipyrone, but not to that of diclofenac, ketorolac, lysine acetyl salicylate, or sodium salicylate, suggesting differences in the mechanisms of action among the NSAIDs.
BACKGROUND: While many preclinical models detect the analgesic activity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the radiant heat tail-flick response has repeatedly been insensitive to this class of drugs. As the tail-flick test involves nociceptive processing at spinal circuits with supraspinal modulation, it seems reasonable to assume that the NSAIDs should not modify strong nociceptive stimuli, since the primary site of action of NSAIDs is likely to be in the periphery. METHODS: We injected 3-300 mug of diclofenac, dipyrone, ketorolac, lysine acetyl salicylate, and sodium salicylate intradermally into mice tails and evaluated the tail-flick response to radiant heat. These results were compared with intraperitoneally injected controls. We also evaluated the ability of naloxone to reverse the observed effects. RESULTS: Intradermal injection of each NSAID produced a dose-dependent increase in tail-flick latency. Intraperitoneal NSAIDs injection produced no antinociceptive effects. Naloxone pretreatment had no effect on the antinociceptive effects of intradermal diclofenac, ketorolac, lysine acetyl salicylate, and sodium salicylate. Naloxone completely blocked the antinociceptive effects of intradermal dipyrone. CONCLUSIONS: Local, but not systemic, administration of NSAIDs produced antinociception in the tail-flick thermal assay. The endogenous opioid system contributes to the peripheral antinociceptive effects of dipyrone, but not to that of diclofenac, ketorolac, lysine acetyl salicylate, or sodium salicylate, suggesting differences in the mechanisms of action among the NSAIDs.
Authors: Ricardo José Dunder; Anderson Luiz-Ferreira; Ana Cristina Alves de Almeida; Felipe Meira de Faria; Christiane Takayama; Eduardo Augusto Rabelo Socca; Marcos José Salvador; Gláucia Coelho Mello; Catarina dos Santos; Pedro de Oliva-Neto; Alba Regina Monteiro Souza-Brito Journal: Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Date: 2013-05 Impact factor: 2.743